Two-Dimensional Gravity Inversion of Basement Relief for Geothermal Energy Potentials at the Harrat Rahat Volcanic Field, Saudi Arabia, Using Particle Swarm Optimization

We invert gravity and magnetic anomalies for basement relief at the Harrat Rahat Volcanic Field (HRVF) purpose of evaluating its geothermal energy prospects. HRVF is dominated by basaltic scoria cones other volcanic rocks overlying Proterozoic basement. The area considered this study located within northern consists mainly alkali basalts with lesser amounts benmoreite, mugearite, hawaiite, trachyte. Our approach adopts a global optimization technique using Particle Swarm Optimization automated parameter selection, two-dimensional gravity-magnetic (GM) forward modeling procedure. results PSO-based indicate depth to 0.10–624 m, greater depths central region solitary anomalous density body in HRVF. obtained geometry corroborated estimates from potential field inversion methods. regions higher prospects are mapped targeted future exploration HRVF, based on our results.